Perpetual motion
Fantasy or reality, and not a perpetual motion machine of any fuel
Perpetual motion (Latin Perpetuum Mobile) - an imaginary device that allows you to get useful work that is greater than the number reported to him the energy (more than 100% efficiency).
Perpetual motion machine of the first kind - a device that can do work indefinitely without the cost of fuel or other energy resources. According to the law of conservation of energy, all attempts to create such an engine fail.
Attempts to study the location, time and cause of the idea of a perpetual motion machine - a very difficult task. No less difficult to call and the first author of this plan. The earliest information about Perpetuum mobile is, apparently, a reference that we find in the Indian poet, mathematician and astronomer Bhaskara, as well as individual notes in Arabic manuscripts in the XVI. Held in Leiden, Gotha and Oxford . Currently, the ancestral home first perpetual motion is considered to be India. So, Bhaskara in his poem, dating from about 1150, describes a kind of wheel with attached obliquely on the rim of a long, narrow vessels, half filled with mercury. The principle of operation of the first mechanical perpetual motion was based on the difference in moments of gravity created by the liquid moving in containers placed on the circumference of the wheel. Bhaskara justifies the rotation of the wheel is very simple: "Stuffed wheel so fluid, being planted on the axis, which lies on two fixed supports, rotates continuously by itself." First drafts of a perpetual motion machine in Europe belong to the period of development of mechanics around the XIII century. By the XVI-XVII centuries the idea of a perpetual motion machine was particularly widespread. At this time, fast growing number of projects of perpetual motion, filed before the patent offices in Europe. Among the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci has been found engraved with a drawing of perpetual motion.
The picture shows one of the oldest structures of perpetual motion. It represents the gear in the pits which are attached hinged swing out cargo. The geometry of the teeth is such that the loads on the left side wheels are always closer to the axis than on the right. According to the author, this is in accord with the law of the lever, should lead to the constant rotation of the wheel. When you rotate the cargo would lean to the right and kept moving force.
However, if a wheel to make, it will remain stationary. The reason for this fact lies in the fact that although the right goods have a longer lever on the left are more in number. As a result, the moments of forces on the right and left are equal.
The figure shows the device of another engine. The author decided to use for energy Archimedes. The law is that body whose density is less than the density of water, tend to surface. Therefore, the author has placed on the chain hollow tanks and put the right half of the water. He believed that the water will push them to the surface, and the chain to the wheels, so endlessly spinning.
It does not take into account the following: the buoyancy force - is the difference between the water pressure acting on the lower and upper part of the submerged object. In the design shown in the figure, this difference will tend to push those tanks that are under water on the right side of the figure. But in the bottom tank, which plugs a hole, would only apply the pressure on his right side surface.5 And it will balance or exceed the force exerted on the remaining tanks.
Fantasy or reality, and not a perpetual motion machine of any fuel
Perpetual motion (Latin Perpetuum Mobile) - an imaginary device that allows you to get useful work that is greater than the number reported to him the energy (more than 100% efficiency).Perpetual motion machine of the first kind - a device that can do work indefinitely without the cost of fuel or other energy resources. According to the law of conservation of energy, all attempts to create such an engine fail.
Attempts to study the location, time and cause of the idea of a perpetual motion machine - a very difficult task. No less difficult to call and the first author of this plan. The earliest information about Perpetuum mobile is, apparently, a reference that we find in the Indian poet, mathematician and astronomer Bhaskara, as well as individual notes in Arabic manuscripts in the XVI. Held in Leiden, Gotha and Oxford . Currently, the ancestral home first perpetual motion is considered to be India. So, Bhaskara in his poem, dating from about 1150, describes a kind of wheel with attached obliquely on the rim of a long, narrow vessels, half filled with mercury. The principle of operation of the first mechanical perpetual motion was based on the difference in moments of gravity created by the liquid moving in containers placed on the circumference of the wheel. Bhaskara justifies the rotation of the wheel is very simple: "Stuffed wheel so fluid, being planted on the axis, which lies on two fixed supports, rotates continuously by itself." First drafts of a perpetual motion machine in Europe belong to the period of development of mechanics around the XIII century. By the XVI-XVII centuries the idea of a perpetual motion machine was particularly widespread. At this time, fast growing number of projects of perpetual motion, filed before the patent offices in Europe. Among the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci has been found engraved with a drawing of perpetual motion.
The picture shows one of the oldest structures of perpetual motion. It represents the gear in the pits which are attached hinged swing out cargo. The geometry of the teeth is such that the loads on the left side wheels are always closer to the axis than on the right. According to the author, this is in accord with the law of the lever, should lead to the constant rotation of the wheel. When you rotate the cargo would lean to the right and kept moving force.
However, if a wheel to make, it will remain stationary. The reason for this fact lies in the fact that although the right goods have a longer lever on the left are more in number. As a result, the moments of forces on the right and left are equal.
The figure shows the device of another engine. The author decided to use for energy Archimedes. The law is that body whose density is less than the density of water, tend to surface. Therefore, the author has placed on the chain hollow tanks and put the right half of the water. He believed that the water will push them to the surface, and the chain to the wheels, so endlessly spinning.It does not take into account the following: the buoyancy force - is the difference between the water pressure acting on the lower and upper part of the submerged object. In the design shown in the figure, this difference will tend to push those tanks that are under water on the right side of the figure. But in the bottom tank, which plugs a hole, would only apply the pressure on his right side surface.5 And it will balance or exceed the force exerted on the remaining tanks.
